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Background: Peer support is a unique connection formed between people who share similar experiences of illness. It is distinct from, but complementary to other forms of support or care provided by family and friends, healthcare pr...
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Background: Peer support is a unique connection formed between people who share similar experiences of illness. It is distinct from, but complementary to other forms of support or care provided by family and friends, healthcare professionals, and other service providers. The role of peer support in contributing to the wellbeing and care of people living with epilepsy (PLWE) is increasingly recognized, including via online networks and group therapy. However, little overall synthesis is available to map and conceptualize the different ways peer support contributes to the wellbeing or care of PLWE, or how it occurs via formally and informally organized social network settings. Methods: A scoping review of peer-reviewed literature published between 1998 and 2021 was conducted using Medline, Psychinfo, Embase, Scopus, and CINAHL databases. Included studies comprised empirical research that involved people with epilepsy as the primary participants; included ‘peer social support’ in the study question or study setting, and included outcome measures related to peer social support or peer-related groupings. Results: A total of 17 articles were included in the review. The functions of peer support for PLWE can be described as either emotional or instrumental. Emotional peer support includes a sense of empathy and encouragement gained from another person with a shared experience of illness, which can help to improve confidence for those challenged by isolation and stigma. Instrumental peer support refers to the more practical and tangible support provided by peers about treatment and support services, which can improve self-management and clarify misinformation. The mechanisms by which peer support and peer social networks materialize includes face-to-face meetings, online group gatherings, and telephone calls. As well as through organized channels, peer support can be fostered incidentally through, for example, research participation, or in clinical settings. Barriers to PLWE receiving opportunities for peer support include the perceived stigma of living with epilepsy, the high cost of transportation, or poor access to the internet to reach and meet others; enablers include the anonymity afforded by online forums and perceived trust in one’s peers or forum organizers. Conclusions: This nuanced conceptualization of the different types of peer support and peer support networks, as well as the variety of barriers and enablers of peer support for PLWE, will serve to inform more effectively designed clinical care practices and service delivery tailored to the needs of PLWE. This review will inform future research in peer support as an important and emerging area of investigation.
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Peers may be important sources of coping assistance, but their impact can be better understood if we examine their influence across various contexts. Although social support studies focused on people living with HIV have examined ...
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Peers may be important sources of coping assistance, but their impact can be better understood if we examine their influence across various contexts. Although social support studies focused on people living with HIV have examined peer support in various contexts, they do not comprehensively account for situations in which peer support might be provided. The specific aims of this study were to (a) describe the various forms and functions of peer support for people living with HIV and (b) validate the Dennis (2003) concept analysis of peer support within health contexts. Results indicate that peer support is a potentially important adjunct to clinical care for enhancing coping skills, thereby improving the psychosocial functioning of people living with HIV. It is important to (a) assess patient access to peer support, (b) provide opportunities for peer support in the clinical setting, and (c) enhance disclosure and support-seeking skills to facilitate this benefit.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the social support characteristics and correlates of peer networks for Clubhouse members. A random sample of 126 members from one Clubhouse was requested to nominate social network members ...
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The purpose of this study was to examine the social support characteristics and correlates of peer networks for Clubhouse members. A random sample of 126 members from one Clubhouse was requested to nominate social network members and asked a series of questions about characteristics of supports provided by each network member. Respondents with both peers and non-peers in their network, three fifths of the sample, had more frequent contacts with peers than with non-peers and were more satisfied with peer relationships than with non-peer relationships. Those respondents also reported that peers were less critical than non-peers. Among all respondents, being Caucasian and having better quality of social life were correlated with having a peer network while higher degree of reliance on others and more Clubhouse visits were correlated with having a Clubhouse network. Longitudinal studies are needed to further investigate the relationship between quality and benefits of peer support.
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Disasters invariably result in a surge in demand for mental health services, and this surge quickly exceeds available mental health resources. The pursuit of alternative sources of psychological support for communities adversely a...
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Disasters invariably result in a surge in demand for mental health services, and this surge quickly exceeds available mental health resources. The pursuit of alternative sources of psychological support for communities adversely affected by disasters has therefore been necessitated. This paper describes the application of an awarding-winner, empirically validated, model for psychological support and its applicability for enhancing community disaster mental health resources that are consistent with United Nations' recommendations for a "whole society" approach to disaster mental health. The model utilises the concept of peer-based psychological support. Peer psychological support is defined as the utilisation of individuals specially trained in the provision of acute psychological crisis interventions and psychological first aid, but who do not possess professional-level training or licensure in one of the mental health disciplines. These peer-based crisis intervention services may be delivered telephonically, via the internet, or face-to-face. This model, referred to as Reciprocal Peer Support (RPS), is the peer support activity provided at Rutgers University Behavioural HealthCare (UBHC) National Center for Peer Support in a variety of peer programs. More than 20 years of peer support interventions have been reviewed and assessed to clarify the lessons learned for the application of RPS as a prime exemplar for the utilization of peer support during and after a disaster. The Cop 2 Cop, NJ Vet 2 Vet, and several other UBHC peer support programs, which conform to best practices criteria, have been created, sustained, and expanded based on the RSP principles discussed in this article. RPS and derivative applications for human-made disasters such as the terrorist events of 9/11/2001 as well as natural disasters such as Hurricane Katrina or the COVID- 19 pandemic represent platforms for the implementation of peer psychological support and the establishment of a peer-based continuum of psychological connection.
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Impact and Implications Peer support specialists (PSS) continue to enter the mental health workforce in increasing numbers. This study found that when nonpeer supervisors (NPS) employed peer-informed supervisory techniques. Superv...
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Impact and Implications Peer support specialists (PSS) continue to enter the mental health workforce in increasing numbers. This study found that when nonpeer supervisors (NPS) employed peer-informed supervisory techniques. Supervision was experienced as helpful. If the mental health system is going to successfully become recovery oriented, then NPS need a unique skill set to support those with lived experience whose recovery can help point the way. Objective: This article reports on a qualitative study examining the experiences of peer support specialists (PSS) supervised by nonpeer supervisors (NPS) in adult community mental health settings. Method: Potential participants completed a demographic survey designed to address inclusionary criteria. From those eligible, a random number generator selected participants to be interviewed using a semistructured interview guide. The critical incident technique was used to elicit memorable experiences of supervision. Data were analyzed thematically. Twenty interviews were completed before saturation was reached. Results: Thematic analysis revealed eight major themes including supervisor attitudes, role integration, trauma-informed supervisory techniques, facilitative/supportive environment, perspective-taking, mutual learning, opportunities for peer networking, and the desire for a supervisor who was a more experienced peer support worker. Conclusions and Implications for Practice: PSS are integrating into a mental health service system transitioning from a medical model to a recovery-oriented model of care. NPS are the necessary guides who assist the PSS in navigating a system not yet aligned with peer values. If the mental health system is going to successfully become recovery oriented, NPS need a unique skill set to support those with lived experience whose recovery can help point the way.
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Topic: This article raises questions regarding defining the role of peer specialists and related employment practices. Purpose: The questions raised may be used to guide future research. Sources Used: Areas needing further investi...
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Topic: This article raises questions regarding defining the role of peer specialists and related employment practices. Purpose: The questions raised may be used to guide future research. Sources Used: Areas needing further investigation were identified through personal and professional experience, discussions with colleagues, and a review of published literature on peer workers. Conclusions and Implications for Practice: Questions are raised regarding the definition of "peerness"; the variety and contradictions in definitions of the role of the peer specialist; existing and potential avenues for career advancement; credentialing standards; the design, implementation, and evaluation of existing and effective peer support service models, including integration of peer workers in other service models; and best practices for supporting the well-being of peer workers and their nonpeer colleagues. More and higher quality research data are needed in order to inform and contribute to the use and support of peer specialists in promoting positive system transformation.
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Background:Peer recovery coaching is recovery support service for Substance Use Disorder (SUD) that emphasizes shared lived experience and social support. Though a promising intervention for SUD, differences in the roles, responsi...
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Background:Peer recovery coaching is recovery support service for Substance Use Disorder (SUD) that emphasizes shared lived experience and social support. Though a promising intervention for SUD, differences in the roles, responsibilities, and operationalization of peer recovery coaching across studies make objective implementation and evaluation of this service a challenge.Objective: This study sought to develop a tool to better guide and operationalize peer recovery coaching service delivery. This study describes the initial development, acceptability, feasibility, and validity of this tool: The PRC Checklist.Methods: The PRC Checklist was conceptualized and operationalized by drawing from social support theory and recovery capital research. The PRC Checklist was utilized by PRCs in a pilot randomized controlled trial to demonstrate feasibility and acceptability. To further validate the PRC Checklist, recovery coaches (N = 16; 56% female) were recruited to complete a survey about their responsibilities and their perspectives on the content and potential utility of the PRC Checklist.Results: The PRC checklist used in the pilot study delineates personalized from generalized support and tracks 25 specific activities across three domains of support (i.e. socioemotional, informational, and instrumental). PRCs in the pilot study were able to use the PRC Checklist in all in-person initial baseline encounters and 96.4% of follow-up encounters. Qualitative information collected during project meetings was generally positive but also identified potential limitations to its use. All PRCs surveyed reported that they agreed that the PRC Checklist was helpful, encompassed the services they provided, represented a good idea, provided meaningful information, and would be easy to use. All five of the most common activities PRCs engaged in were reflected in the PRC Checklist.Conclusion: Capturing both personal and generalized support provided by PRCs, this work suggests that the PRC Checklist captures key activities engaged in and is a helpful tool for use in healthcare settings.
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Objective: A peer respite is a voluntary, short-term, overnight program that provides community-based mutual support to people experiencing a mental health crisis. This qualitative study of guest experiences at 1 peer respite exam...
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Objective: A peer respite is a voluntary, short-term, overnight program that provides community-based mutual support to people experiencing a mental health crisis. This qualitative study of guest experiences at 1 peer respite examines its role in fostering recovery and wellbeing. Method: Conventional content analysis of interviews with 20 peer respite guests resulted in a thematic framework containing 7 "clusters" of themes with related subthemes. Results: The following themes emerged from the analysis and include both positive and negative experiences: belongingness, confidence and hope, crisis self-management, experiencing mutual support, freedom and responsibility, linking to community, and conflict and confrontation. Some guests endorsed the peer respite as a temporary break from stressful life situations, a homelike space for mutual support and community, and a preferred alternative to traditional crisis services. Others struggled with the unstructured environment and expectations for shared responsibility and self-reliance. Conclusions and Implications for Practice: Peer respites strengthen selfreliance and social connectedness and offer a viable alternative to traditional crisis services for some people some of the time. The results suggest potential "key ingredients" for peer respites, including a homelike environment, voluntary and self-determined supports, and peer support staff who possess the capacity for developing healing and genuine connections with guests while also promoting shared responsibility and self-reliance. Future research should further develop this theory of change and establish peer respite fidelity criteria based on program elements that seem to contribute to positive outcomes.
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Abstract This content analysis of open-ended survey responses compares and contrasts perceptions on supervision from supervisors with experience providing direct peer support services (PS) and supervisors without experience provid...
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Abstract This content analysis of open-ended survey responses compares and contrasts perceptions on supervision from supervisors with experience providing direct peer support services (PS) and supervisors without experience providing direct peer support services (NPS).A 16-item online survey was distributed via the National Association of Peer Supporters (N.A.P.S.) listserv and through peer networks and peer run organizations. Responses from 837 respondents, across 46 US states, were analyzed. Four open ended questions assessed supervisors’ perceptions on differences supervising peer support workers (PSW) as compared to other staff, important qualities of PSW supervisors, roles when supervising a PSW, and concerns about PSWs in the organization. Among NPS and PS, three major differences in themes emerged: the knowledge required of supervisors, understanding of the role of the PSW, and supervisors’ beliefs regarding PSW competencies. PS have a more nuanced understanding of the peer support worker role and the impact of lived experience in the role.
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This study examined: (1) qualitative aspects of close working relationships between family support organizations and child mental health agencies, including effective and ineffective characteristics of the relationship and aspects...
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This study examined: (1) qualitative aspects of close working relationships between family support organizations and child mental health agencies, including effective and ineffective characteristics of the relationship and aspects that they would change, and (2) the impact of the working relationship upon the family support organization. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 directors of family support organizations characterized as having a close working relationship with a child mental health agency. Three main themes emerged regarding the quality of the working relationship: (a) interactional factors, including shared trust, communication, collaboration and service coordination; (b) aspects of the inner context of the family support organization, mental health agency, or both, including alignment of goals and values and perceptions of mental health services; and (c) outer contextual factors external to the organizations, such as financial and county regulations. Responses to the perceived impact of the relationship was divided into two themes: positive impacts (e.g. gained respect, influence and visibility), and negative impacts (e.g. lack of trust). This study lays the foundation for future research to better understand the mechanisms underlying interorganizational relationships in communities among different types of providers to create a more seamless continuum of services for families of children with mental health conditions.
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